Why are you focusing on lead starter batteries; surely EV batteries are more relevant?

Approximately 100 million starter batteries are fitted by OEMs every year. This is the largest energy storage market of all.

ICE vehicles will be continue to be made in significant numbers for the next 10 years, including hybrid vehicles.

There is also an urgent need for lightweight starter batteries to accommodate a growing array of on-board auxiliary systems and connected services. Ultimate Battery Company Duophasic technology can typically save 12-15kg (26-33lbs) of vehicle weight, which significantly impacts on CO₂ reduction.

OEMs assume a nominal £11 per kg of weight saved on a vehicle.

In addition, most EVs also require a 12V auxillary SLI battery for the electrical system and traction battery management. This is not expected to change for the foreseeable future.

Eurobat Battery Innovation Roadmap 2030

Eurobat Battery Innovation Roadmap 2030 – Lead Acid Batteries

EUROBAT Parameters		2020 State of the Art	2030 Target	UBC 2021
Electrochemical System	Cathode	PbO₂	PbO₂	PbO₂
Electrochemical System	Anode	Pb, Pb+C	Pb, Pb+C	Pb, Pb+C
Energy Density (Wh/Kg)	Battery	23 – 45	35 – 55	52 – 68
Energy Density (Wh/l)	Battery	36 – 100	50 – 110	112 – 139
Power Density (W/Kg)	Battery	41 – 400	65 – 450	380 – 410
Power Density (W/l)	Battery	76 – 840	72 – 900	820 – 920
Predicted Lifetime (Yr)	Calendaric	10 – 25	10 – 25	10 – 25
Operation Temperature Range (^oC)		-25 – +50	-25 – +50	-40 – +88
Energy Efficiency (%)		67 – 85	>90	85 – 90

EUROBAT = Association of European Automotive and Industrial Battery Manufacturers. The purpose of the association is to study all matters of interest to storage battery manufacturers and their sub-contractors in Europe, the Middle East and Africa.